Natural causes: rainwater runs under and through the soils, dissolving soluble chemical substances and becoming easier the contact between reactive substances (for example: acids) and minerals of soils and rocks. Besides, it removes products of reactions that occurred in soil.
Decomposition of animals and aquatic plants;
Acid rains;
Surface water that have solids from sand to colloidal particles.
Human causes:
Municipal and industrial discharges which have chlorides, ammonia, etc.;